What we're going to do here is take a detailed look at the roulette wheel and table for European, American and French roulette. We will start out with a brief look at the history and then get into some detailed diagrams and descriptions for each version of the game.
There are several strategies that people use for roulette, including the Martingale strategy, the James Bond strategy, and the D'Alembert strategy, among others. Although each of these strategies has its merits, none of them is guaranteed to make you money. In fact, all will lose money in the long run, so know when to quit. Watch the croupier, or the casino roulette worker, spin the wheel and release the ball, observe the ball as it spins around the rim, and study other people's wagers. Check for wheel biases, or numbers or sections where the ball repeatedly lands.
We will then get into various manufacturers and design differences, before rounding off with our opinion on the bold claims you read online about roulette wheels being predictable and easily beaten.
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Brief History of the Roulette Wheel
According to a French novel called 'La Roulette', the game has been played as it's known today since 1796. These early games included both a 0 and 00.
The earliest form of a roulette wheel dates all the way back to the 1600's from a French mathematician called Blaise Pascal, pictured right.
He inadvertently created a roulette wheel in his quest to create a perpetual motion machine. In simple terms, he wanted to create a wheel that could spin on its own indefinitely without an energy source. He failed in this endeavour.
It was roughly in the 1860's when the Monte Carlo casino began offering a single 0 roulette wheel and this is the version of the game that spread across the world with the exception of the USA. American roulette games still retain the original concept of 0 and 00 slots to this day which increases the house advantage. More information on the house advantage can be found lower down.
European Roulette Wheel and Table
The most popular version of the game across the world, both online and in real casinos. One of the first things that you need to understand about roulette is that the table is not representative of the wheel. If you place a bet on the first Dozen, you are betting on numbers 1 through to 12 but those numbers are evenly spread across the wheel. Here's the order of the numbers on a European roulette wheel starting with 0:
0 – 32 – 15 – 19 – 4 – 21 – 2 – 25 – 17 – 34 – 6 – 27 – 13 – 36 – 11 – 30 – 8 – 23 – 10 – 5 – 24 – 16 – 33 – 1 – 20 – 14 – 31 – 9 – 22 – 18 – 29 – 7 – 28 – 12 – 35 – 3 – 26
The order of numbers may appear random, but they're purposely designed to confuse the player and conform to the golden rule that black and red numbers must alternate. From there, odd/even and 1-18/19-36 are evenly distributed across the wheel with no more than two numbers of the same type adjacent to each other on the wheel. In other words, at no point are there more than two consecutive odd numbers or two consecutive 1-18 numbers and so on.
European Specific Bets
European roulette has 4 bet types that you won't find in the American game known as Call or Announce bets. They're named this way because in real casino conditions, the player will say the bet out loud and the dealer will place the bet for them.
The image to the right shows which numbers each of them covers. We've already discussed these bets in detail on our page on roulette bets but here are the descriptions again.
Jeu 0 – One chip is placed on each of the following Splits: 0-3, 12-15, 32-35 and then the number 26 with a Straight Up bet. In total, 4 chips are placed and 7 numbers are covered.
Voisins du Zero – One chip is placed on the following Splits: 4-7, 12-15, 18-21, 19-22, 32-35. Then there are 2 chips on 0-2-3 Street and 2 chips on 25-26-28-29 Corner. In total, 9 chips are placed and 17 different numbers are covered.
Orphelins – One chip is placed on the following Splits: 6-9, 14-17, 17-20, 31-34 and then the number 1 with a Straight Up bet. In total, 5 chips are placed that cover 8 numbers (17 is covered twice).
Tiers du Cylindre – One chip is placed on the following Splits: 5-8, 10-11, 13-16, 23-24, 27-30, 33-36. In total, 6 chips are placed and 12 numbers are covered.
American Roulette Wheel and Table
The American version of the game features an extra slot but the payouts remain the same, pushing the house edge up to 5.26% from the 2.7% you get with the European game. When it comes to real casinos, you'll only find this table in the USA, Canada and high end casinos in places like London.
What's curious about the design of the American roulette wheel is that the numbers are in a completely different order to the European game while following the same design principles. Here's the order of the numbers starting with the 0:
0 – 28 – 9 – 26 – 30 – 11 – 7 – 20 – 32 – 17 – 5 – 22 – 34 – 15 – 3 – 24 – 36 – 13 – 1 – 00 – 27 – 10 – 25 – 29 – 12 – 8 – 19 – 31 – 18 – 6 – 21 – 33 – 16 – 4 – 23 – 35 – 14 – 2
French Roulette Table
It's also worth giving a quick mention to the French roulette table which you can see to the right. The wheel is exactly the same as the European game but the table has a different layout.
American Roulette Wheel and Table
The American version of the game features an extra slot but the payouts remain the same, pushing the house edge up to 5.26% from the 2.7% you get with the European game. When it comes to real casinos, you'll only find this table in the USA, Canada and high end casinos in places like London.
What's curious about the design of the American roulette wheel is that the numbers are in a completely different order to the European game while following the same design principles. Here's the order of the numbers starting with the 0:
0 – 28 – 9 – 26 – 30 – 11 – 7 – 20 – 32 – 17 – 5 – 22 – 34 – 15 – 3 – 24 – 36 – 13 – 1 – 00 – 27 – 10 – 25 – 29 – 12 – 8 – 19 – 31 – 18 – 6 – 21 – 33 – 16 – 4 – 23 – 35 – 14 – 2
French Roulette Table
It's also worth giving a quick mention to the French roulette table which you can see to the right. The wheel is exactly the same as the European game but the table has a different layout.
The biggest difference is that the Dozens are no longer marked as 1st 12, 2nd 12 and 3rd 12. Instead, they're marked as P12, M12 and D12 which you will see in the bottom left and right corners of the table.
La partage rule – In terms of actual game play, the French game has the most advantageous rules because when the 0 hits, losing bets on Red/Black, Odd/Even and Low/High pay back half. So a £10 bet on Red would pay back £5 if the 0 hits.
En prison rule – In real casinos, they may opt to use the en prison rule instead of la partage. Every online game we've ever played has used la partage so you will only find en prison in real casinos. When the 0 hits, losing bets on Red/Black, Odd/Even and Low/High are marked as 'en prison' by the croupier and neither win nor lose. Instead, they're left on the table for the following spin and treated as any other bet.
Manufacturers and Design Differences
There are numerous manufactures of roulette wheels, each of which offer various designs and we aren't talking about mere colours and textures. The major design difference between different wheels are the pockets. Each number has a pocket where the ball will eventually fall and the design around the pocket affects the bounce and scatter of the ball which impacts on the final result. Here are three different designs, click on them to see a larger version.
Huxley Stardust
The low fret design to the left is the most common design of wheel in real casinos. The low pockets allow the ball to bounce around from one pocket to another before finally losing momentum and coming to rest, resulting in unpredictability which is what the casinos obviously want.
The scalloped design has deeper pockets, resulting in less bounce and a slightly more predictable result so they are much rarer. The scalloped design could be described as 'old and outdated' because most manufacturers have ceased making them. You aren't likely to see one in a real casino.
The Huxley stardust design uses triangular pockets which can deflect the ball in either direction, creating even more unpredictability. For example, the ball can go from spinning anti clockwise around the track to going clockwise once it hits the rotor. Such movement is much less common on low fret and scalloped designs.
While there are many manufacturers of wheels, here are the two largest that we're aware of:
TCS John Huxley – Their head office is based in London and they have offices around the world. They've won numerous industry awards for their craftsmanship of casino equipment and they supply casinos across the globe. Designing a new roulette wheel on their website is like designing a new car with multiple design and colour options available. Their website is www.tcsjohnhuxley.com
Cammegh – Another company based in the UK, Cammegh are a huge supplier to casinos across Europe and the USA. They have supplied roulette wheels to numerous huge casino brands including Caesars, Grosvenor, Gala and Ladbrokes. Their website is www.cammegh.com
Neither of these manufacturers have a 'buy now' button on their website. Instead, you need to request a quote and the wheel will be built for you. You can expect the price of a new roulette wheel to be well over £1000. You can also buy them second hand on ebay which will cost roughly £400-£700 for a clean, undamaged, second hand model.
Roulette Wheels Can Be Beaten?
The majority of roulette systems are based on the table. This includes all of the mathematical strategies that we've written about. What this means is that they don't influence the odds which stay at 2.7% and 5.26% respectively. They are based on progressions and in many cases, betting big to win small.
However, there are other systems, based on the wheel, that we haven't written about. The aim of these systems, often called 'visual ballistics' or 'visual roulette system' is to forget about the table and focus entirely on the wheel by increasing the accuracy of predictions to get an edge over the casino.
Think of it this way: the house edge is 2.7% on European roulette. If you can increase the accuracy of your predictions enough to overcome this edge, the odds will be in your favour. The cheating (and in many cases illegal) way to do this is via a roulette computer which measures the speed of the wheel and ball to give a prediction. Visual systems work in much the same way, only they're much less effective because you're using your mind to make predictions.
The reason we haven't written about them is simple; we don't know anywhere near enough about them to give an accurate description. They involve monitoring the diamonds (8 of them around the outside of the wheel) and then studying the wheel, learning its tendencies and being able to make a prediction accurate enough to overcome the edge. From there, you would bet on approximately half of the wheel via Straight Up bets to accommodate your prediction.
Real information about visual roulette systems is hard to come by which is why we've been unable to learn about them. We haven't found a single website that's written about visual roulette systems for free with simple instructions on how it all works with step by step instructions. It always comes with an asking price that we aren't prepared to pay.
Do we think it's actually possible to predict the wheel without a computer? Yes, but we don't believe its anywhere near as easy or practical as the websites that sell this information make out. It's our belief that you would need to be very experienced in real casino conditions and well versed in the deceleration of the ball to even have a chance of making this work.
We also believe that a lot of the information sold online will be outdated and some of it will be nothing more than a scam. We aren't prepared to buy all the rubbish information about visual systems to find the good one and that's assuming a good one even exists. For all we know, they're all scams.
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Here is a quick guide to Law of The Third roulette system. Please also read the notes at the bottom of the page. This system is similar in some ways to the Pivot System, in that you try and 'fish' for numbers that repeat. Or in other words, you are looking for 'hot numbers'.
There are a number of systems that use thirds- another one worth looking at is the Tier et Tout system. This system (like the Dozens to Columns Switch) uses the 2:1 Outside bets- the Columns and Dozens.
Is there such a thing? See below- we explain. Free google slot games.
The Law of The Third:
Here's how to play Law of The Third Systems. There are various systems that have been developed to try and capitalise on this statistical law- below is an example.
Quick Guide to a Law of The Third Roulette System (More Detail Below)
- Write down the numbers as you sit it out at the wheel (if you are playing online you can make single unit low risk bets like 1 on red, 1 on even etc)
- Wait for 9 different numbers to drop in
- Wait 2 spins
- Bet on all 9 numbers for 3 spins.
- Stop.
Pros
- Easy to implement
- Controlled risk (only 3 bets)
Cons
- You need to sit it out before you play, which is difficult online. You can just low bet red/black at the beginning for a minimum risk.
- Assumes the wheel has a memory- which is doesn't
More Detailed Description
Law of The 3rd System Excel spreadsheet download free.
There are various roulette systems that have been inspired by a statistical theory called The Law of The Third. Notice, we say 'inspired', as we want to be quite clear here- the theory has been adapted. That doesn't necessarily mean that these systems work for roulette. It's an interesting concept though, and worth a look.
Let´s take a quick run through of how the Law of The Third works, which is all about statistical distribution, applies when you play roulette.
Let's imagine we are sitting around a European roulette table, with a wheel that has 18 red pockets, 18 black pockets and a zero pocket which is green. The total number of pockets is 37. So the odds of you guessing the right number on the next spin is 1 in 37, approximately 3%.
Not a huge number. But if you map out the distribution of numbers over time, what The Law of The Third predicts is that on average, after you have seen 37 rounds of roulette, roughly two thirds of the numbers (say around 25) will appear 1 or more times and one third of the numbers will be no-shows (around 12). Try it yourself and see what we mean. Similarly, 20 spins gives out around 15 numbers and if you watch for 9 spins, only 6 may drop in (the lower the number, the more volatile this gets- the sample becomes too small).,
Remember, we are talking statistics here- this is not an exact science, but it is amazing how often you will see this 'pattern'.
Well, this phenomenon (like a bell curve of distribution on a chart) is used by some people to get an edge at the table. Well, that is what they chase, in any case. let's have a look.
One system we have seen, hinges on the every 9 spins 6 numbers appear theory. In this system, you wait for 9 unique numbers in a row, then you sit out another couple of spins (the safety stop), and you then play the 9 numbers for 3 spins in a row (flat betting- keep the same bet for all 3 bets). You are fishing for Law of Thirds repeaters. This pattern is one of the reasons that people like to bet on the dozens or the columns bet, both of which neatly split the wheel up into thirds (well almost, if we ignore that pesky 0 pocket for a moment)
Play pai gow poker online free. Why the safety stop? Well, I think that is more of an empirical thing- this worked when the system was being developed.
So is this science or just gobbledeegook?
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Well, the bottom line is that the roulette wheel has no memory. And this system is hinting that the result of a spin is affected somehow by a historical event. So there is your big flaw. There are other 'hot zone' strategies out there like the Quadrant roulette strategy, with which you will run in to the same problems.
The problem with these kinds of distribution modelling systems, is that they are modelling a group of spins (in this case 37) whereas you are betting on an individual spin. And therein lies the problem. If you were making a bet on whether 24 numbers would hit over the next 37 spins, then it has more legs.
So play this system, but play it purely as a money management technique (to help you set a time to leave the table after you have hit a profit or hit your loss limit).
But don't play it thinking it will somehow magically improve your odds at the table. It won't.
Where to Play The Law of The Third Systems
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